Engine valve gear



Dec. 15, 1936. R. c. COSSART 2,064,293

ENGINE VALVE GE AR Filed Sept. '7, 1932 11 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 15, 1936.

L'ewkfin Cum He. Qossqri- INYENITOQ ATTY.

Dec. 15, 1936. L, R, c, cossAR-r 2,064,293

ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept. 7, 1932 11 Sheets-Sheet s it o. p 53 Q 2 a; v? m. 7 Q; Z

N .I R W A m rso w. 7 m 00 Q Tm. 3 3 OH V Lg 1 A m v o by m his Au;

Dec. 15, 1936. 1.. R. c. cossART 2,064,293 I ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept. 7, 1932 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 lon lFenC'amll/e Cos sar-t INVENTOR:

Dec. 15, 1936. L. R. c. cossART ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept. 7, 1932 11 Sheets-Sheet s l/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl/IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/IIIIIIIII/I/III/II Dec. 15, 1936. L. R. c. COSSART 2,064,293

' ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept; 7, 1932 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR;

Mum

Dec. 15, 1936. f L. R. c. cossART ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept. 7,1932

11 Sheets-Sheet 7 Z an Ken 5" rn //e b05541 INVENTQR:

Mtornay. I

Dec. 15, 1936. c, COSSART 2,064,293

ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept. 7, 1932 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 his A In Dec. 15, 1936.

LR, c. cossART ENGINE VALVE GEAR Filed Sept. 7, 1952 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 W 5 2 5 T r; 4. 6 v x. 5 I 5 .v m 6 Q 1/ A a P 31 2 1 I. w u 2 A A I B 5 555 r 6 fl fihuulhhrnlh 9w! m or P 1 Dec. 15, 1936.

L. R. c. cossART Filed Sept.*7, 19:52

l1 Sheets-Sheet 11' Patented Dec. 15, 1936 i I 'nnama vanvnana'a te n nen Camille Cami-t, Paris, France J Application September 1,1932, Serial No. 831,951

' p In France September 23, 1931 A valve gear for reversing engines must permit to reverse the running of such engines and to vary the admission period'at will, irrespec-.

tively of the direction of running. Generally, these two operations are efie'cted in intimate connection, for instance by means of slides. The reversal is realized in continuing. to actuate beyondthe dead centre '(zero admission) themember controlling the 'variation of the admission.

The present invention has forits object an accurate drop valve gear for reversing engines operating upon elastic" fluid, said valve gear permitting'to obtain the reversal and the variation -of the admission *period independently of I one. another; 'in other f'words' the operator will 'have' twocontrohing devices (levers or hand-' wheels witli worin andniitprlike systems), one of 1 them being eiweyset ne-ena 'of'its stroke in either direction "andg 'se'rving for the 'reversal' of the enginefj it the reversing device; the otherserving to vary the admission period from its value to zero; in either direction of rotation of the engine, occupying thus all the inpansion control Idevlcef, f

The valve gear according to the invention is chiefly remarkable in I that it is provided with three cams', [mouiited onja common shaft, one of these cainsf controlling the'opening and the closmg of theexhaust e'xhaust cam), the second terme'diate positions required, this being the excontrolling the opening or the admission (ad-p mission cam) the controllingthe closing of the; admission 1(exp'ansion'cam) whereby thevariation'of theladn'iis'sion period is always controlled by: r the, angular displacement j of one cam (the expansionjcaml' whatever the running direction may'lbe,"whereas thereversal is realized by a suitable angular simultaneous displacement of the two. otherlcams (admission and exhaust cams'ig. L

'l'heiiirst two carhsfl which' are operated simulr tan ously by the rever'sing device, will produce the reversaliof the engineLthe third cam, operated by gtli 'ffexpansioncontrol device, willproidiice thfi v,il'ai'iat'ion of, the admission period; Inth solely b3; waytoi examplez, I d

Fig, '1 is a circular diagram representing the functioning" of a reversing engine operating upon elastic fluid, in" both directions of running;

Fig. 2 is'adiagrammatic elevational view of the cam controlling the exhaustfvalve showing thetwo extreme position's of thiscam upon the cam shaft for both directions of admission;

in the gear occupies a position corresponding to sion;

a given degree of admission;

eompahving drawings, which are given view analogousto Figure 2 showing the cams controlling the opening'and closing of the admission valve for a certain degree of admission;

' Figure 4 is an analogous view, the cams being set for another degree of admission;

Figure 5 is a view analogous to Figure 4 wherein the cams are in position for backward running;

Figure 6' is a tical end view of the expansion and admission cams cooperating with 10 the corresponding rollers controlling together the opening and closing of the admissionvalve,

the position of the various members correspond- Y ing to the closing of this valve;

Figure 6? is a similar view showing opening will start; a

Figure 6 is a similar view showing the opening of the valve;

' Figure isa vertical section,-on of Figure 9 of a casing containing a valve gear according to the invention and in a position cor-' responding to the backward running with 80% Figure 7 is a view analogous to Figure 7 whereforward running of the engine with 80% admist D is tion of the various members when the.

the line 1-1 20V Figure 8 is a cross section on the line H of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a plan view of the interior of the said casing which is supposed to be open;

Figure 2 is a view analogous to Figure 2 showing the exhaust cam in a modified construction according to which each cam is provided-with twobossages instead of one and operates upon two distinct rollers, actuating a single exhaust valve; I I

Figure 3P'is a view analogous to Figure 2" showing the expansion and admission cams for Figure 4* is a view analogous to Figure 3, but for another setting of the cams;

Figure 5shows the expansion and admission cams during the reverse running ofthe engine; Figure 10 is a general view in lengthwise section of a constructional form of this embodiment, showing the gear and valves connected to the engine; 7 v

Figure 10 isasection oi. Figure 10" on the line Y II":

Figures 10 and 11 are vertical sections respectively on lines Ill-Ill and l|l| of Figure 13 of an embodiment of the above mentioned modification;

Figure 12 is a lengthwise section of the same on the line |2--|2 of Figure 13 and in position for forward running with 0% admission;

Figure 12 is an analogous view, the gear 00- cupying a position corresponding to the backward running with admission;

Fig. 13 is a 'plan view of the members contained in the said casing, the rollers and rockers controlling the valves being supposed to be removed;

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view, in developed position, of the grooves producing the displacement of the admission and the expansion cams with reference to the operators indicating scale;

Fig. 15 is a view analogous to Fig. 14 of grooves adapted for another governing.

Fig. 16 is a partial view on an enlarged scale of the connection existing between the exhaust and admission cams according to the constructional form of Fig. 12.

Figs. 17 and 18 are sections on the line A-B of Fig. 16 shown respectively according to the direction of arrows a, b.

Referring to the diagram shown in Fig. 1, let a, a, d, e, e, c be the values of the angles (Fig. 1) AIOA, AODI, D1OE1, EIOE, EOCi, C1OA1 cov-v ered respectively by the engine crank during each of the six stages of the distribution: pre-admission, admission, expansion, pre-exhaust, exhaust,

and compression, when the crank turns in the direction of the arrow f (forward motion). During the backward motion (direction of the arrow f just the same distribution will take place if the points A2 and A1, C2 and C1, D2 and D1, E2 and E1, are respectively symmetrical with reference to the diameter AE, the points A D, E and C being the starting points of the pro-admission, of the expansion, of the pre-exhaust and of the compression periods, for the backward motion.

In a valve gear for drop valves, the angles e', e, c and a may be constant. In general, only the angles a and d vary. Let a be the maximum value of the admission period, and d the minimum 'value of the expansion period.

Fig. 1 shows that in forward motion (arrow I the exhaust valve has to remain open while the crank covers the angle EiOC1=e'+e, and

. that in backward motion (arrow I it should be open while the crank covers the angle EzOCz=e+e.

The angle E2002 is thus equal to the angle EiOCi, but is displaced with reference to the latter by an angle C1OE1=e+e. If it is supposed that the valves are controlled by cams rotating at the same speed as the driving shaft, it may be observed that the same cam, covering an angle e-l-e', can serve for the same purpose in both directions of motion; in order to effect the reversal it will be necessary to bring the cam in a symmetrical position with respect to the line passing through rollers 24 and centre 0. But as angle E2OC2=E1OC1, it will simply suflice to bring E1 on C2, i. e. to displace the cam by an angle EiOC2=C1OE2=e-e', as indicated in Fig. 2. In

D this figure the cam is shown in full lines for the forward motion and in dot-and-dash lines for the backward motion.

Due to the variation of the admission period, the admission valve has to be necessarily operated by two cams; one of which, cam 2 (Fig. 3) will always afford the opening of the admission valve irrespectively of the direction of running, and will be termed as the admission cam; the other, cam 3 (Fig. 3) will always afford the closing of the admission valve irrespectively of the direction is lowered by the boss of cam 2, rod 80 is lowered and contacts rod 82, without however pushing it down. Thus valve 83 is still closed.

Admission valve 83 will be opened only when the two rollers 4 and 5 are both on corresponding bossages of the cams 2 and 3, as shown in Fig. 6.

The two rollers 4 and 5 have the same angular position so that their centres always remain in a common plane passing through the axis of the cam-shaft.

Fig. 1 shows that during the forward motion of the engine (arrow f the admission valve has to open when the crank passes at 0A1. It is-thus necessary that at this moment, the roller 4 (or 21) of the admission cam 2, should make contact with the front end of the rising ramp of this cam (Fig. 3) and that the roller 5 (or 28) of the expansion cam 3 should already be placed upon this latter cam, this requiring the rising ramp of the expansion cam to be located at a point 11 which precedes A1 by any angle K'. The valve should close when the crank passes at ODI. It is thus necessary that at this moment, the roller 5 (or 28) of the expansion cam 3 should be at the end of the descending ramp of this cam, the roller 4 (or 21) of the admission cam 2 being still upon its cam during a certain time, for instance, as far as the point xi, situated rearwardly of D1 at any angular distance K. Thus, in order to ob tain the full admission during the forward motion, it is necessary that the admission cam 2 should cover an angular amplitude a+a'+K and occupy such a position that its rising ramp commences at A1, whilst the expansion cam 3 should cover the angle a+a'+K' and have such a position that the end of its descending ramp should be'located at D1. The piston stroke during the admission period, will be represented by Adi.

If the expansion cam 3 alone is angularly displaced in such manner as to bring the descending ramp at the point D'1 (Fig. 4) instead of point D1, without displacing the admission cam 2, the point A1 will remain immovable and it is clear that the pre-admission always commences at A1 and that the end of the admission takes place at D'1. The piston stroke during the admission period will then be represented by AD1. It is thus observed that in order to vary the admission period, and hence the expansion period, it sufiices to angularly displace the expansion cam 3 without changing the position of the admission cam 2.

The expansion cam remaining in theposition shown in Fig. 4, let the admission cam 2 be displaced by an angle a+Ka', the point 11 coming at A2 (Fig. 5). This simple displacement. of the admission cam alone reverses the direction of running. In fact, as the crank now turns in the direction of the arrow f (Fig. 1), the roller 4 (or 21) of the admission cam 2 meets the rising ramp of this cam at a moment when the crank passes at 0A2, whilst the roller 5 (or 28) of the expansion cam 3 is already upon its cam since the crank has passed at oyz and'the valve is closed when the crank passes at OD'z. The piston stroke during the admission period is then aoeaaoa represented by Ad'z. Leaving the admission cam 2 in the position Am, one may vary the angular position of the expansion cam so as to give to the descendingramp D: all positions from D2 (maximum admission) to A (zero .admission), and consequently obtain for the backward motion all the admission periods from Adi to O.

The reversal will be realized by the simultaneous angular displacement of the admission cam 2 and exhaust cam I, the former by, an angle a+K-a, the second by an angle e-e. The variation of the admission and hence of, the expansion periods, will be obtained, irrespectively of the direction of running, by the simple angular displacement of the expansion cam 3.

- the angle e-e, this device being the reversing mounted three cams i, 2, 3, controlling respecdevice; tthe other device will serve exclusively for the displacement of the-expansion cam, and it may assume all positions necessary for varying 'the admission at will, in either direction of run-' ning, from 0 to the angle a, this device being the "expansion control device. This latter devicewill be provided with two graduated scales, respectively for the forward and backward runnings.

A first form of construction of a valve-gear in conformity to the invention has been represented inFigs. 7 to 9. In this example of construction, a casing '6 contains and supports by ball-bearings 'i a shaft 8 which is parallel with the engine shaft and turns at the same speed as the latter. The shaft 8 has, upon its whole length the form of a multiple-thread screw of very'large pitch (Fig. 7), the pitchbeing selected in order to reduce the reactions upon nuts 9, l8 and H which are adapted for lengthwise motion and rotation on this shaft.

The nut 9 is provided on its periphery with an annular groove i2 adapted to' receive a. collar i3, composed oftwo parts which are held together for instance by bolts. The width of the groove is equal to that of the collar, which penetrates in said groove, so that there is no lateral play of the said collar i2 in the nut 8.

The collar i3 carries journals l4 (Figs..8 and 9). upon which are pivotally mounted two links I5 having the symmetrical position with reference to the vertical plane passing through the axis of the shaft 8. These links are keyed on a shaft l8 which is perpendicular to the shaft 8 and is pivotally mounted in the box 6.

In like manner, the other two nuts Ill-1| are fitted with collars l1 and i8 which are connected by links Iii-28 with shafts 2| and 22 parallel with the shaft l6.

Upon the longitudinal shaft 8 are loosely J tively: cam l, the opening and closing of the exhaust valve, cam 2, the opening of the admission valve, and cam 3, the closing of tlieadmission valve. Y

On eitherof these cams are secured, for instance by screwing, suitable studs 23 (Figs. 7; and 9) engaging holes in the said nuts'9, In

sion cam 2 is connected for rotation with nut l8,

75a and the expansion cam 3 with nut l i.

In order to permit the shifting to the, left of nuts 8 and II), from the position shown in Fig. 'I to the one shown in Fig. 7, nuts 9 and III are provided with suitably elongated holes 23' (Figs. '7, 7", 8) affording the passage of studs 23 and a relative rotation of one cam with respect to the other. v

A roller 24 (Figs. 8 and 9) mounted on a rod 25, which is slidable in the casing 8 and controls the exhaust valve, is urged against the cam I" by a spring 26. In the same way, on each cam 2 or 3 beer by means of a spring respective rollers 21 and, 28 mounted on rods 28 and 38. The rods 29 and 30 areconnected'together by a rocking arm 3| whose middle point 32 controls the admission valve by means of a push-rod 88.

The two rods 29-38 and thetwo rollers 2'|--28 are disposed in such a manner that the axes' of these two rollers are always located in a common plane passing through the axis of the cam shaft. With this arrangement (Figs. 6 and 9), the displacement of.the middle point 32 of therocking lever 3i, controlling the valve, will always be equal to half the sum ofthe displacements of the axes of the rollers, and the point of action of the ramps of the cams 2 and 3 will undergo no variation affecting the theoretically designed distribution. Means will be provided for obtaining a lost. motion between the push-rod .88 and the valve stem of approximately one-half the dis tance of the lift of the. cam in order that the; valve will be opened only when the rollers are on both of the high surfaces of the cams 2 and 3.' v

The control of the admission and the exhaust valves is fiected byimparting'to the valve rodsv 82, by any mechanical means (by rockers, as shown in the drawings) the motion of the rollers moving on the cams. As represented the rockers 3i are pivoted at their middle at 32 ona slidable push rod 88 acting upon the valve rod 82. Between these two rods, a lost motion of one half the lift ofthe cam is provided in order to permit rod 82 of being actuated only after both of the rollers 27- and 28 have been lifted by the corre-' sponding cams 2 and 3.

iary link, the shafts l6 and 2|. preferably carry two keyed links 34 and 35 of the same length which are connected together by a link 36, the two links 34-35 being perpendicular to the plane containing the axis lfi and 2|, when the nuts are in their mean-position, that is when the links 'l5--l9 are vertical.

Now it suffices to realize the reversal to rotate one of the shafts l8 or 2i through the desired angle, in order that the other thereto connected shaftmay turn through the same angle, a there g, is a jointed parallelogram formed by pi ces i5, I9, 33. At'the same time, the nuts 9 and i8 move lengthwise under the action of the links Isms, rotating on'th shaft This-movement is rendered possible either by the provision of a sufficient clearance between the nuts and the respective collars or by the' provision of a play .at the point where the links 15 and I 9 are pivoted upon the collars. These nuts-rotate the respec- 'tive cams .I and 2 through angles proportional tothe'lengthwise displacements of thesenuts.

said displacements being attheir turn proportional to the lengths of the links l5-|8, hence to the angles e-e or a-l-Ka'. The control of the expansion cam 3 for varying the admission period will be effected by rotating the shaft 22 through'the desired angle, thus affording a determined angular displacement of the cam 3.

It is to be noted that the ends of the links l5| 920 describe circular arcs and not straight lines parallel with the axis of the shaft 8. It is thus necessary either to provide between the bottom of grooves I2 of nuts 8Illll receiving the collars and the inner surfaces of these collars a sufiicient clearance or a play or slots at the pivots of the links l5 and H as explained above.

For the control of the admission and the exhaust valves situated at the other end of the cylinder, it suiiices to provide symmetrically, with reference to the vertical plane passing through the shaft .8, a system of rollers 2421-28, a rocking arm 3| and an arrangement for imparting the motion to the valves. When it is desired to obtain the reversal it will simply sufiice to bring the links and other elements, by asuitable rotation of shafts I 6 or 2|, into a position corresponding to the onev shown on Fig. 7a and corresponding to the forward running with the same percentage of admission.

It is tobe noted that for a given pitch of the screw 8, the displacements of the nuts 9-l8-.-|I will be proportional to the angles by which the cams l-23 are displaced, and, consequently,

V the general size of the casing 6 will depend upon the sum of these angles, which are determined by the distribution to be obtained. Obviously these angles may be diminished by reducing in a ratio of the speed of rotation of the cam shaft relatively to the rate of rotation of the driving shaft. In fact, if the speed of the cam shaft 2 the speed of the driving shaft, it will suffice to space, equally, upon the circumference 2 cams the angular length of either of them being 1 the theoretical angular length, by keying the rollers, controlling the valves situated at the opposite ends, at a distance of 2 the setting angles will be reduced in like manner,

as well as the lengths of displacement of the nuts.

The Figures 2? to 5 show in a diagrammatic way the different positions of the cams and rollers in this kind of device. Each cam is provided with two bossages so that the camshaft may be rotated at half the speed of the driving shaft, the functionmay be provided on thecams.

ing of the engine being the same as herein is efore described. If it is necessary to reduce still more the speed of the camshaft, a number n of bosses Fig. 2 shows the position of the two rollers controlling .the exhaust, one of these rollers Jravelling upon a bossage, the other one being on the flat part of the cam. The angular extension of each bossage is of 90. Figs. 3* to 5 show the cams controlling the opening and the closing of the admission valve. The operation of these rollers and cams as well as the numeral refer ences-on these figures are the same as on Figures 3-5. The lefthand pairs of rollers in Figs. 3* to 5 are represented at the moment when the admission period begins. This period is determined by the angular extension of the superposed portion of the two bossages on the two cams. Thus in Fig. 3 this portion is relatively large and substantially corresponds to angle AIODI. In Fig. 4 this portion also corresponds to angle AiODi. The rotation of the cams being effected in the direction of arrow ii, the rollers will occupy a symmetrical position with respect to diameter y'rO or 1110 after half a revolution of the cams. Fig. 5 shows the case when the rotation is inverted and affects the direction 01' arrow ,f. In this case the superposed portion of the bossages is equal to DzOAz.

In Figs. 10, 10 10 11, 12, 12, 13, 16, 17 and 18 is shown a constructional form of a valve gear according to the invention, said valve gear being with design complicated by a device permitting the driver to handle but a single controlling member, and another device by which the cam shaft can be rotated at half the speed of the driving shaft.

According to this embodiment and as shown in Figs. 10 and 10, the engine cylinder 86 is provided with two exhaust valves 83 (Fig. 10 which are supported by rods 82, which may contact and be lifted by rockers 63 against the action of springs 9|. These rockers are controlled by the engine driven cam shafts in the manner shown in a more detailed way in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 and as described below.

The admission valves 90 (Fig. 10'') are also supported by rods 82 which are actuated by corresponding rockers 68 in a similar way. 7

The casing 8 contains and supports by ball bearings three shafts 8, 31 and 58, which are parallel with the driving shaft. The shaft 21 is actuated by the driving shaft, and rotates at the same speed as this shaft; it carries a gear wheel 38 meshing with a gear-wheel 39, of double This shaft 8 forms, upon its whole length, a screw with multiple threads of a very large pitch. The three cams (l for the exhaust, '2 for the admission, 3 for the expansion) form themselves nuts upon this shaft 8. c

on the admission cam-2 is laterally screwed a sleeve 48' (Fig. 12) provided with projections ll, adapted to make contact with arms 42, of the exhaust cam I. Theengagement of these arms 4| and 42 is of the bayonet type. A suitable axial play is allowed between the arms or studs 4| and 42, so that they will make contact and one of the cams I or 2 will be moved by the other, only when the first has effected a part of its stroke.

As shown on Figs. 17 and 18 thedevice comthe other being in this case:

prises 6 arms, each one having an angular length equal to 45.

it will suffice in order to always prevent arms 41 o and 42 of passing by each other to have a: in-'- ferior or equal to 30. Should a: be superior to 30 it will be necessary to adopt a construction with 4 arms 41' and 42 and to have it inferior or Between the cams I and 2, a collar 43 is mounted loose on the sleeve 43' by means of ball-bearings 44, 44'. This collar is guided so as to avoid any rotation and carri'es, for this purpose, an appendage 45 (Figs. 10 and 12) sliding in a 1 longitudinal groove 43, situated in the bottom of the casing 3. On the other hand, this collar 43 bears without clearance, upon plates 44' in order to displace during its movement and parallel with the cam shaft the sleeve 46. hence the cam 2.

Figs. 16 to 18 still more clearly show the arrangement of these parts, whereas Fig. 12

shows the position of the mechanism for the' backward running with 80% admission. It is obvious that by moving the collar 43 in a direction parallel to the axis of the cam shaft by a given length, determined by the pitch of the screw, the cam 2 may be rotated by an angle a+K-a', and that by giving to the-play existing between the arms 4| and 42 a value corresponding to the diflerence between the angles a+Ka' and e--e', the cam l will be displaced only after'the cam 2 has beenrotated through.-

an angle (a-i-K-afL-(e-e). It'results' therefrom that the cam I will rotate only through the angle e-e. It will thus suffice to connect the collar 43 by any suitable mechanical means with the reversing device" used by the operator, in order to enable the latter,- when turning it through its full stroke in one or the other direction, to displace simultaneously the cam 2 bythe .angle a-i-K-a', and the cam l by the angle In like manner,

upon the cam 3 (expansion) is laterally screwed a sleeve 53 (Fig. 12) upon which is loosely mounted a collar 54,.held between the cam, 3 and a flange 55 of said collar by means of ball-bearings 56. This collar 53 also carries an appendage 51 which is slidable in a groove 46, thus held against rotation. By connecting. this collar vary at will the angular position of the cam 3, hence the instant of closing of'the admission valve. u

By way of example, the represented apparatus comprises a combination due to whichfthe operator will have but a single controlling device.

This combination consists-of a shaft 50 carrying drums'49 and 30. Respective grooves 43 and 59 e of a particular shape are formed in these-drums. In the grooves 48 is movable a roller 41 mounted on the collar 43 controlling the exhaust c'am I and the admission cam 2; in the groove 59 is movable a roller 58 mounted on the collar 54 controlling the expansion cam 3. The shaft 50 car' ries a gear wheel meshing with a rack 52 -which is slidable in the casing s. It is set in motion by the operator, and permits of; turning the line a a, the valve-gear will 'provide for 75 th -forward running with zero admissiomi the shaft 53 through 330, hence to change at will the position of the cams 1,2 and 3.

In Fig. 14,-the said grooves 43 and 53 of the drums 49 and 60 are laid out in a-plane.- It is observ'ed'that when the,drums are in the position for which the rollers 41' and 53 are upon 54 by any suitable mechanical means with the aforesaid expansion control device of the operator, the latter may means of the following device.

ing the rotation of the drums, the grooves 43 and 53 will be displacedwithreference to the rollers 41 and 53, until they arrive at b b. During this time, the-groove 43 being ina plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 53, the

.roller 41 is stationary, the cams l and 2 are During this time and due to the form of the grooves 59', the expansion cam 3 takes the position for the maximum admission on backward running. [The operator should never allow his device to remain in a position between D b and c c'. From c c' to d d, the admission and the exhaust cams do no longer move and the expansion cam 3 is placed successively in all the positions in order to vary the admission from the maximumto 0, on backward running. It is evident that diflerent combinations may be ob-' tained by varying the forms of the grooves 43' and 59, for instance the combination shown in Fig. 15 wherein the grooves 48 and 53 are such that the admission is maximum at H and diminishes up to ff=. The part g-g to h-h" is analogous to that limited by 0-0 and M. .It is to be noted that, in its position for the backward motion (Fig. 12a) the exhaust earn 1,-

' bearing no longer upon the gear wheel 33, as

during the forward motion, and being only held during the running in one direction by the arms 3i and 42, might participate in this movement shaft 3. To prevent such. rotation, two arms 69, carried by the gear wheel 39, slide in cites 13 provided, in the exhaust cam I, drive nd maintain it in its position for backward motion, by bearing upon the'oute'r ends of the bores. Obviously the length of each bore 13 is equal to whichis provided with two bossages 1| and 12 (the cam shaft rotating at halfthe speed of the driving shaft) (Figs.- 10, 12'and12a), said rollers bein'gspaced at 90 on the periphery of the cam- (Fig. 10, and also Fig. 2!). These rollers control the exhaust valves of the two ends of the cylinder. Each roller 24 is mounted'loose in a forked member 31 mounted on a semiecylindrical .member 32- secured toa lever 33 acting on the, valve rod. The two members 32 partially sur-'- round a pin 64' upon which they can oscillate and their,ends are located in sleeves 65 by which they are held againstthe saidpin.

In like manner,-two rollers 21-23 bear cam 3 provided with two bossages (Figs. 3' to '5), the roller-21 bearing upon cam 2 and roller 23' upon cam I; these rollers are spaced by 90 on mission valves at-the two ends of the cylinder, by

The rollers 21 and 23 corresponding to-the re.- spective admission valves ha'vetheir axes situated 1.11m! either thefadmission cam 2 and the expansion -in a certain direction of rotation of the Two rollers 23 bear on the exhaust cam I,

either cam (Figs. 11 and 12), and control the ad- I in a common plane passing through the axis of the cam shaft 8. These axes are connected together by a rod 66 forming one side of a jointed parallelogram. Rod 66 and the opposite side 61 of the parallelogram are pivoted, at their middle point 13, in'a fork 14 provided in a rocker 68, mounted in the same manner as the rockers of the exhaust valve upon the same shaft 64. The other two rollers 21 and 28 spaced at 90 from the preceding controlling the other admission valve are mounted, in like manner, upon the second rocker 68.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: v

1. In a valve gear for reversible engines, valve actuating means consisting of rollers and levers, a cam shaft, three cams mounted on said camshaft, angularly movable thereon. and actuating the respective valves by means of said valve actuating means, one of these cams (exhaust) controlling the exhaust valve, the second cam (admission) controlling the opening of the admission for both directions of running, and the third cam (expansion) controlling the cut ofi of the admission, whatever the direction of running may be, said valve actuating means for the admission valve being responsive to the combined action of the admission and expansion cams, means for the control of the variation of the admission period by displacing solely the expansion cam whatever the direction of running may be and means providing for the reversal in' directions of running by simultaneously displacing the admission and exhaust cams.

2. A valve gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein Said valve actuating means embody rollers engaging the ,respective cams, the rollers moving upon the admission and expansion cams being substantially. parallel and adjacent, and connectedtogether, their axis remaining constantly in a common plane through the axis of the cam shaft.

3. A valve gear as claimed in claim 1, in which a single collar is provided the displace- I ment of both the admission and exhaust cams, suitable studs of the bayonet type for connecting said cams together, a suflicient axial clearance with respect to the cam shaft being provided between said studs of the two cams in order to cause one of these cams to move with respect to the other, before these studs make contact and set the second cam in motion.

4. In a valve gear for reversible engines, valve actuating means consisting of rollers and levers, a camshaft, three cams mounted on said camshaft angularly movable thereon and actuating the respective -valves by means of said valve actuating means, one of these cams (exhaust) controlling the exhaust valve, the second cam (admission) controlling the opening of the admission for both directions of running, and the third cam (expansion) controlling the cut oil of the admission, whatever the direction of running may be, said valve actuating means for the admission valve being responsive to the combined action of the admission and expansion cams, means for the control of the variation of the admission period by displacing solelythe expansion cam whatever the direction of running may be, means pro-' viding for the reversal in both directions of running by simultaneously displacing the admission and exhaust cams and further common actuating means for operatively connecting. said reversing means and said admission control means, embodying a shaft adapted to be operated by the driver, and cam members keyed to said shaft, said reversing means cooperating with one of said cam members and the admission control means cooperating" with the other cam member.

5. In a valve gear. according to claim 4, a

"drum carrying said cam members, collars slidably mounted upon said cam shaft, and connected with said cams as to axial displacement, and

guiding means on said collars slidably engageable with said cam members and obliging said collars to move upon the camshaft and to drive the cams in order to give them the desiredangular setting.

- LEON RENE camp cossaa'r. 

